How to Prevent the 3 Most Common Dental Diseases in Cats

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth. It is caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film composed of bacteria, on the teeth. Plaque buildup can irritate the gums, causing them to become red, swollen, and tender. In severe cases, bleeding may occur.

The signs of gingivitis in cats include bad breath, a reluctance to eat or drink, and behavior changes such as increased aggression or lethargy. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which can cause tooth loss and other health problems.

The best way to prevent gingivitis in cats is through regular dental care, including tooth brushing and professional cleaning by a veterinarian. Providing your cat with dental chews or toys can also help reduce plaque buildup.

Treatment for gingivitis may include scaling and polishing of the teeth, antibiotics, and pain management. In severe cases, extraction of affected teeth may be necessary. Prompt treatment of gingivitis can help prevent further damage and improve your cat’s overall health and well-being.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a serious gum disease that occurs when the tissues that keep teeth securely anchored to the gums and underlying bone are destroyed. The cause of periodontitis is a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. When this plaque remains on the teeth, it hardens into tartar, which can irritate and inflame the gums. Over time, the gums and bones that support the teeth begin to break down, leading to loose teeth and, eventually, tooth loss.

The signs of periodontitis can include red, swollen, and bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose teeth. If left untreated, the disease can spread to other parts of the body, leading to more serious health problems.

Preventing periodontitis is all about maintaining good oral hygiene. Brushing your cat’s teeth regularly with a soft-bristled brush and using an antibacterial toothpaste can help to prevent plaque buildup. Regular dental check-ups by a qualified veterinarian are also important.

If periodontitis does occur, treatment will depend on the severity of the disease. In most cases, the veterinarian will recommend the removal of the plaque and mineral buildup by scaling and polishing the teeth. In more advanced cases, extraction of teeth may be necessary. In any case, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing the disease from progressing and causing irreparable damage to your cat’s oral health.

Tooth Resorption

Tooth resorption is a disease commonly observed in cats, where the internal dental structure becomes damaged, resulting in tooth decay and destruction. Feline tooth resorption affects approximately 30-70% of cats, and it is regarded as the leading cause of tooth loss. The cause of tooth resorption remains unknown. 

Typically, tooth resorption in cats is identified as a pinkish defect when the tooth surface meets the gum line, indicating significant damage to the tooth. Resorptive disease is, unfortunately, not a disease that can be prevented or managed by diet. It is an immune-mediated disease in which the body attacks the enamel. Maybe we can diagnose disease earlier with routine cleanings and exams but a good proportion of cats are going to have resorption despite great dental care. Treatment strategies aim to manage pain, prevent the disease from progressing, and restore the function of the tooth, up to and including tooth extraction. If your cat is exhibiting signs of discomfort or pain, it’s best to take them to a veterinarian for immediate assessment and appropriate treatment.